Nabire, Central Papua – Whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) found in the waters of Cenderawasih Bay have once again attracted the attention of researchers and marine tourism managers. In addition to their length, which can reach tens of meters, the polka dot pattern on the body of this animal is now in the spotlight because it functions like a “fingerprint” that allows each individual to be specifically identified. This research is increasingly important as Nabire is one of the safest locations in Indonesia to find whale sharks.
Field observations show that the pattern of white spots and lines on the body of each whale shark is unique. This pattern is formed naturally from birth and remains the same, so it can be used to accurately distinguish each individual.
According to several marine researchers who conducted observations in the Cenderawasih Bay area, these polka dot patterns are easiest to analyze in the area around the gills and the base of the pectoral fins. These patterns are then mapped using photo identification software that functions similarly to a facial recognition system.
“Every whale shark has a unique pattern. Even two individuals that appear similar will still show differences in the details of their spots,” said a whale shark observer in Nabire.
In recent years, identification through photographs has been increasingly used by researchers collaborating with sanctuary managers. Visitors who take pictures of whale sharks while snorkeling or diving can also assist in gathering information, provided that the photos taken clearly show the patterns on their bodies.
Cenderawasih Bay: Whale Sharks and Research
The Nabire region in Cenderawasih Bay is known as one of the most reliable places to see whale sharks throughout the year. The fishing gear used by fishermen contributes to the frequent sightings of these animals at the surface, where they gather around the light to feed on small fish.
This situation provides a great opportunity for researchers to continuously map polka dot patterns. The data obtained is very helpful in understanding the whale shark population in the western Pacific region and their migration routes.
“Information about individuals from polka dot patterns is crucial. From this, we can find out which animals often return and which are just passing through,” said a marine conservation researcher working in Nabire.
Benefits of Polka Dot Research for Conservation
Research on whale shark polka dot patterns not only has scientific value, but also contributes to more responsible marine tourism management. By understanding the number of animals present, their frequency of appearance, and arrival patterns, tourism managers can ensure that interactions between tourists and whale sharks do not place excessive pressure on them. This scientific approach also serves as the foundation for long-term conservation efforts, given that whale sharks are classified as a vulnerable species according to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature)